The blockchain industry has expanded to such a large scale that each new year brings many fresh developments and innovations. There are many distinct types of blockchain networks and architectures already in use, and the number of these systems is expanding daily.

In the upcoming sections, we will discuss the various layers of these blockchains can be classified into.

Layer 0

In theory, Layer 0 is supposed to be a layer responsible for the execution of protocols and offers the underlying architecture for data movement. It incorporates blockchain technology with the existing network. It appears to be compatible with Layer 1 chains.

Utilizing a specific instance of the core technology as a learning tool is perhaps the most straightforward approach. Polkadot is one of the most notable projects, and the community and the Polkadot team consider it to be Layer 0. The primary chain they created is the Relay Chain, which allows Layer 1 chains to be built on top of it.

It is the responsibility of the Relay Chain to serve as a communication bridge between the various Layer 1 chains, which are referred to as Parachains in this context. This is because these chains appear to operate like parallelism to the Relay Chain. It is difficult for Layer 1 blockchains to communicate with one another and share applications and information, so this concept is seen as extremely promising because it may provide a solution to the inefficiency resulting from this difficulty.

Moonriver and Karura are examples of well-known projects currently creating Layer 1 chains on top of the Polkadot Relay Chain.

Layer 1

The term "Layer 1" (L1) describes a base network and the underlying infrastructures that support that network. The cryptocurrencies Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana are all examples of Level 1 platforms. As demonstrated by Bitcoin, enhancing the scalability of layer-1 networks is tough. To provide a solution, developers create layer-2 protocols that rely on the layer-1 network for security and consensus.

The settling of transactions is the responsibility of the L1 network. This entails accounting for a user's account, also known as a wallet, utilizing asymmetric key pairs and the associated cryptocurrency or token balances for most networks.

Every L1 network has its native token that users can use to access the resources that are available on the network. Using a network's native token is how you make payments for network services such as sending bitcoin, minting a token, or executing a smart contract. These types of services cost money.

Even though all layer-one network support transactions, it is essential to highlight that not all offer the same services to their customers.

Layer 2

Layer 1 chains are the foundation upon which Layer 2 blockchains are built. Layer 2 blockchains are not applications developed on top of Layer 1 chains like Uniswap on Ethereum; this is important to clarify, so there isn't any mistake. Most Layer 2 blockchains are designed to address the scalability issues that trouble Layer 1 blockchains. The vast majority of them are concentrating on the problems with Ethereum.

In a nutshell, the primary way that Layer 2 networks circumvent the scalability problem that plagues Ethereum's Layer 1 chain is by carrying out most of their operations off-chain. When all the tasks have been finished, only the result will be sent back to Layer 1 to undergo straightforward processing before being recorded. This approach removes a significant portion of the strain from Layer 1, which directly translates to a faster speed for verifying transactions and lower costs for those transactions.

In case you are interested in exploring further any of these technologies and how they help Ethereum scale, we have listed some of the technologies that assist Ethereum with scaling. Optimistic rollups, Zero-knowledge rollups, State channels, Sidechains, Plasma, and Validium, are some of the most important ones.

Layer 0 vs Layer 1 vs Layer 2

Scalability and compatibility with decentralized applications are two key aspects that set blockchain layers apart. Additionally, when all the layers are considered, each one functions as a separate stage of advancement for the blockchain system.

The quickly developing blockchain ecosystem, which consists of cutting-edge goods such as DeFi and NFTs, is attracting the interest of an increasing number of individuals. Scalability is, therefore, essential for the continued viability of blockchain networks in the long term. Essential blockchain systems may eventually improve their scalability; however, this improvement will take some time.

It is most likely that Layer 0 and Layer 1 networks will focus on security while allowing Layer 2 networks to modify their services for specific use cases. This will be the most likely scenario. It seems likely that large chains such as Ethereum, which have a strong user and developer community, will continue to dominate in the foreseeable future.

Despite this, it lays a solid groundwork for developing targeted Layer-2 solutions through its extensive, decentralized validator set and well-acclaimed reputation.

Layer 0：

Hardware, protocols, and other essential pieces are all contained inside this layer.
Deals with the physical components and network connectivity of the blockchain.
The underlying infrastructure, such as servers, nodes, and data centers, supports the blockchain network.
Developers can create parachains with customizable governance

Layer 1：

Ensures that the blockchain's dispute resolution, consensus mechanism, and programming are all in working order. Bitcoin's blockchain and Ethereum's blockchain are two examples.
Implements the consensus mechanism, such as Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS), to ensure secure and consistent ledger updates.
Maintains the data storage, security, and privacy of the blockchain network.
Defines the rules for validating transactions, and creating new blocks.

Layer 2：

Layer 0 and 1 are replaced by their superior scaling capabilities. It offers the possibility of integrating with the solutions provided by third parties.
Provides a platform for building decentralized applications (dApps) on top of the blockchain network.
Supports smart contract functionality, allowing for programmatic execution of transactions.
Offers higher-level abstractions, such as off-chain transactions, to improve scalability and reduce network congestion.

Layer 0 vs Layer 1 vs Layer 2: All You Need to Know