BlockBeats News, May 9th, Powell will officially step down as Fed Chair on May 15th. The "unconventional" central bank leader, who is not an economist by training, has experienced the impact of the pandemic, the most severe inflation in 40 years, an aggressive rate hike cycle by the Fed, and a political storm surrounding central bank independence over the past eight years.

During his tenure, Powell initially continued the path of gradual rate hikes and balance sheet reduction. After the outbreak of the pandemic in 2020, he led the implementation of a combination of "zero interest rates + unlimited QE + emergency lending facilities," quickly stabilizing market liquidity, preventing a deep recession in the U.S. economy, and driving a subsequent V-shaped recovery.

However, as the U.S. economy reopened and fiscal stimulus was unleashed, Powell and the Fed once considered inflation to be "transitory," which was seen as the biggest policy mistake during his tenure. In 2022, the U.S. CPI surged to 9.1%, reaching a 40-year high. Subsequently, the Fed initiated its most aggressive rate hike cycle since the 1980s, with a total of 11 rate hikes, bringing the interest rate to 5.25%-5.5%.

Although the tightening cycle briefly raised concerns about a recession, the U.S. ultimately managed to control inflation without a severe economic downturn, seen by the outside world as a "soft landing." Data shows that the year-on-year increase in the U.S. CPI has significantly fallen from its 2022 peak, while the labor market has remained relatively resilient.

In addition to monetary policy, another core issue during Powell's tenure was to uphold the Fed's independence. He has long faced public pressure and interest rate cut demands from the Trump administration, and even underwent a criminal investigation related to a Fed renovation project in 2026, prompting a rare joint statement of support from central banks of many countries worldwide.